Sandra A. James-Yi, DVM, Ph.D., DABT, DABVT
Principal Consultant

Background
Dr. Sandra James-Yi is a Toxicologist with more than 30 years of experience in private practice, academia, forensic science, and industry. She holds two doctorates, a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M.) and a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences. She is a diplomate of both the American Board of Toxicology and the American Board of Veterinary Toxicology and a member of the American Veterinary Medical Association, Society of Toxicology, Society of Toxicologic Pathology, and American College of Medical Toxicology.
Her expertise spans human, animal, and environmental exposure, and the resulting adverse effects, to a wide breadth of toxicants, including, but not limited to, plant-based toxins, zootoxins, pesticides, endocrine disruptors, fungal mycotoxins, quaternary ammonium compounds, heavy metals, smokeless tobacco products, foods, beverages, dietary supplements, personal care products, medical devices and recreational, nutritional, and prescription drugs.
She has extensive experience in veterinary medicine and surgery, veterinary medical toxicology and pathology, cancer research, human and animal nutritional and personal care product safety, as well as microbial, entomologic (insects), acarologic (ticks and mites), and vector-borne and zoonotic diseases.
In academia, Dr. James-Yi has held academic faculty positions developing the toxicology and pathology curricula for professional and graduate students and has been involved in multidisciplinary, collaborative, and intercollegiate research, as well as being responsible for public health and extension services.
In industry and forensic science, Dr. James-Yi has had extensive, national, and international experience in nutritional and personal care product safety and regulatory toxicologic oversight in the global value stream for ingredients, product development, and manufacturing. Her work has encompassed identifying vulnerable populations and risk assessment and management, with a special focus on pediatric nutrition, reproductive health, women’s health, and aging populations. She has functioned as the global, corporate, technical, product safety lead over the life-cycle of products for internal stakeholders and cross-functional teams in marketing, regulatory affairs, research and development, clinical studies and product testing, manufacturing, education and outreach, medical affairs, product integrity, quality assurance/quality control, global ingredient supply-chain acquisition, legal affairs, emerging issues, and post-marketing surveillance teams. Her forensic experience also includes providing testimony in the United States court of law.
She is a subject matter expert and educator, skilled in comparative biomedical science, and risk assessment and management for dietary supplements, functional foods/nutraceuticals, beverages, personal care products (cosmetics and cosmetic devices), and research and development in nutritional, agricultural, and environmental toxicology for industry, academic institutions, and extension services for professionals and the public.
Education and Certifications
- Diplomate of the American Board of Veterinary Toxicology (DABVT), since 2015
- Diplomate of the American Board of Toxicology, Inc® (DABT), since 2014
- Postdoctoral Associate, Pathology: Masonic Cancer Center, Comparative Pathology Shared Resource Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis – St. Paul (2011-2012)
- Postdoctoral Associate, Toxicology Residency/Study Director Training: Covance Laboratories, Madison, Wisconsin and the University of Illinois, Urbana – Champaign (2008-2010)
- Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences: University of Illinois, Urbana – Champaign (2008)
- Thesis title: Systematics, Ecology and Distribution of Water Mites (Acari: Parasitengonina): The Application of water mite fauna as indicators of pollution, biodiversity, and sustainability in freshwater ecosystems
- Postdoctoral Associate, Residency Training, Anatomic Pathology: University of Illinois, Urbana – Champaign (2004-2005)
- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M.): College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana – Champaign (1988)
- Biochemistry, B.S.: University of Illinois, Urbana – Champaign (1984)
- Veterinary Medical Licensure: Hawaii, Illinois, and Minnesota
Associations and Memberships
- American Board of Veterinary Toxicology (DABVT): Committees include Education, Board Certification, Long-term Strategic Planning
- American Board of Toxicology, Inc.® (DABT)
- Society of Toxicology: Specialty Sections – Food Safety, Occupational and Public Health, Regulatory and Safety Evaluation, Comparative Toxicology, Pathology and Veterinary Medicine, Clinical and Translational Toxicology, Dermal Toxicology, Risk Assessment, Medical Device and Combination Products
- Society of Toxicologic Pathology
- American Veterinary Medical Association
- American College of Medical Toxicology: Committees include Industry, Government, Public Health, Occupational, Environmental, and Forensics
- Society of Cosmetic Chemists
- Council for Responsible Nutrition: Melatonin Task Force; GRAS Task Force; Industry Self-Regulation Review Working Group for Dietary Ingredients (2021-2026)
Publications
- James-Yi S, Hilmas CJ, and Fabricant DS (2019). Risk Assessment, Regulation and the Role of Biomarkers for the Evaluation of Dietary Ingredients Present in Dietary Supplements (Chapter 39), In Biomarkers in Toxicology, 2nd edition, Ramesh Gupta (ed.), Academic Press, Waltham, MA.
- Adkesson MJ, Levengood JM, Scott JW, Schaeffer DJ, Panno B, Langan JN, CárdenasAlayza S, and James-Yi S. (2018). Analysis of toxic and essential elements in the blood and feathers of Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) at Punta San Juan, Peru. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 55(2):438 – 443.
- Adkesson MJ, Levengood JM, Scott JW, Schaeffer DJ, Langan JN, Cárdenas-Alayza S, de la Puente S, Majluf P, and Yi S. (2018). Assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the blood of Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) form the Punta San Juan marine protected area, Peru. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 54(2): 304-314.
- Balbo, S, Johnson, CS, Kovi, RC, James-Yi, SA, O’Sullivan, MG, Wang, M, Le, CT, Khariwala, SS, Upadhyaya, P, and Hecht SS. (2014). Carcinogenicity and DNA adduct formation of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and enantiomers of its metabolite 4(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in F-344 rats (2014). Carcinogenesis 35 (12): 2798 – 806.
- Balbo S, James-Yi S, Johnson CS, O’Sullivan MG, Stepanov I, Wang M, Kassie F, Carmella S, Upadhyaya P, and Hecht SS (2013). (S)-N′-Nitrosonornicotine, a Constituent of Smokeless Tobacco, is a Powerful Oral Cavity Carcinogen in Rats. Carcinogenesis 34(9):2178 – 83.
- Yi SA, Francis BM, Jarrell WM, and Soucek DJ (2011). Toxicological effects of the aquatic herbicide, fluridone, on male water mites (Hydrachnidiae: Arrenurus: Megaluracarus). Ecotoxicology 20(1):81-7.